Liver disease is often called a “silent killer” because it develops quietly over many years before symptoms appear. In Pakistan, the burden is particularly alarming: the World Health Organization (WHO) estimates that more than 12 million Pakistanis carry hepatitis B or C, making the country one of the highest-risk regions in the world. In addition, studies suggest that up to 30% of adults in Pakistan may have non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) due to rising obesity, diabetes, and poor diet.

The good news is that early detection saves lives. With timely screenings, doctors can identify fatty liver, hepatitis, fibrosis, or even early-stage liver cancer before permanent damage sets in. At the Asad Choudhry Medical Centre (ACMC) in Gujranwala, preventive health is at the core of our mission. Led by Dr. Asad Choudhry, a recognized leader in hepatology, our team uses advanced diagnostics to detect and treat liver disease early.

In this article, we’ll explore the top preventive screenings for early detection of liver disease—what they are, why they matter, and who should get them.

Why Preventive Liver Screenings Matter

The liver performs more than 500 essential functions, from detoxifying the blood and aiding digestion to storing nutrients and regulating metabolism. Yet, unlike the heart or stomach, the liver often does not “complain” until serious damage has occurred.

By the time symptoms like jaundice, severe fatigue, or abdominal swelling appear, conditions like cirrhosis or liver cancer may already be advanced. Preventive screenings bridge this gap, giving doctors a window to detect problems while they are still reversible or manageable.

1. Liver Function Tests (LFTs)

The liver function test (LFT) is usually the first step in checking liver health. It is a simple blood test that measures enzymes such as ALT (alanine aminotransferase), AST (aspartate aminotransferase), ALP (alkaline phosphatase), and bilirubin.

• Why it matters: Elevated ALT and AST levels may signal early liver inflammation due to hepatitis, fatty liver, or medication side effects.
• What patients should know: In Pakistan, the average cost of an LFT is between PKR 1,200–1,800. Results are available within 24 hours.
• Who should get it: Anyone with diabetes, obesity, family history of liver disease, or long-term medication use.

Learn more about ACMC’s Laboratory Services for quick and reliable liver function testing.

2. Ultrasound of the Liver

A liver ultrasound is a painless imaging test that uses sound waves to create pictures of the liver. It is particularly effective for detecting fatty liver disease, which has become one of the leading causes of chronic liver problems in Pakistan.

• Why it matters: Ultrasound can reveal fat deposits, cysts, tumors, or early fibrosis. It is often the first imaging test recommended when LFTs are abnormal.
• Facts: Nearly 1 in 3 adults in Pakistan may have fatty liver, often linked to obesity, high cholesterol, or diabetes.
• What patients should know: The test takes 15–20 minutes, costs PKR 3,000–5,000, and requires fasting for 6–8 hours.

3. FibroScan (Liver Elastography)

The FibroScan test is an advanced, non-invasive screening that measures liver stiffness and fat content. It works like an ultrasound but provides a quantitative score in kilopascals (kPa).

• Why it matters:
  
  • Normal readings: < 6 kPa
  • Moderate fibrosis: 8–12 kPa
  • Cirrhosis: > 12 kPa
• Who benefits: Patients with chronic hepatitis B or C, fatty liver, or unexplained abnormal LFTs.
• Availability: Limited hospitals in Pakistan offer this test—ACMC is among the few centers in Gujranwala with access to FibroScan.

Visit our GI & Liver Clinic to learn about advanced tools like FibroScan for liver fibrosis assessment.

4. Hepatitis B & C Screening

Hepatitis B and C are two of the most dangerous causes of liver disease in Pakistan. Together, they account for more than 80% of liver cirrhosis and cancer cases nationwide. Because they often remain undiagnosed for years, screening is essential.

• Tests include:
  
  • HBsAg for hepatitis B surface antigen
  • Anti-HCV antibody and confirmatory HCV PCR for hepatitis C
• Facts: According to Pakistan’s National Hepatitis Elimination Program, nearly 8 million Pakistanis live with hepatitis C.
• Cost: Antibody tests cost around PKR 1,000–2,000, while PCR ranges from PKR 5,000–7,000.
  

5. Alpha-Fetoprotein (AFP) Test for Liver Cancer

Liver cancer (hepatocellular carcinoma, HCC) is one of the leading cancer deaths in Pakistan, often linked to untreated hepatitis B or C. The AFP blood test is used to detect early cancerous changes.

• Why it matters: AFP > 400 ng/mL may indicate HCC, though moderate elevations can occur in cirrhosis.
• Who needs it: Patients with chronic hepatitis or cirrhosis should have AFP measured every 6–12 months, often alongside ultrasound.

6. Complete Blood Count (CBC) & Coagulation Profile

The CBC can reveal anemia and low platelet counts, both early signs of advanced liver disease. Meanwhile, coagulation tests (INR/PT) check the blood’s clotting ability.

• Why it matters: The liver produces clotting factors. A prolonged INR (>1.5) may indicate significant dysfunction or cirrhosis.
  

7. Advanced Imaging: CT Scan & MRI

For high-risk patients or when ultrasound detects suspicious lesions, doctors may recommend a CT scan or MRI. These advanced imaging techniques can detect tumors as small as 1–2 cm, improving chances of early treatment.

8. Specialized Genetic and Autoimmune Tests

Not all liver diseases are caused by infections or lifestyle. Conditions like Wilson’s disease (copper buildup), hemochromatosis (iron overload), or autoimmune hepatitis require special blood tests. Though less common, they are important in patients with unexplained liver problems.

Who Should Get Screened for Liver Disease?

You should consider preventive liver screening if you:

• Have diabetes, obesity, or high cholesterol
• Have a family history of hepatitis or cirrhosis
• Have a history of blood transfusions or unsafe injections
• Consume alcohol regularly
• Experience symptoms like persistent fatigue, yellow eyes/skin, or abdominal discomfort

Explore ACMC’s Preventive Health Programs to see how regular screenings safeguard your future.

Benefits of Preventive Liver Screening

• Early detection: Identify disease before symptoms appear
• Better outcomes: Fatty liver and hepatitis are reversible if treated early
• Cost-effective: Prevents expensive hospitalizations and transplants
• Peace of mind: Regular tests reassure patients and families

ACMC’s Role in Liver Disease Prevention

Founded in 1998 as Gujranwala’s first GI & Liver Clinic, ACMC has been a pioneer in liver health. Under the leadership of Dr. Asad Choudhry, President of the Pakistan Society of Hepatology, the center has introduced advanced diagnostics such as FibroScan, hepatitis PCR testing, and preventive liver health packages.

Beyond treatment, ACMC is committed to public awareness and education, helping families recognize risk factors and encouraging timely screenings.

Final Thoughts

Liver disease doesn’t wait for symptoms. By the time you feel sick, damage may already be advanced. The best way to protect your health is with preventive screenings—simple, accessible, and life-saving.

At ACMC, we provide comprehensive liver care, from basic blood tests to advanced diagnostics, ensuring you and your loved ones stay a step ahead of disease.

Book your screening today and take control of your liver health.

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

1. What is the most common screening test for liver disease in Pakistan?

The liver function test (LFT) is the most common and affordable initial test. It checks liver enzymes and bilirubin levels for early warning signs.

2. Can ultrasound detect fatty liver?

Yes. Ultrasound is one of the most reliable and widely used tools for detecting fatty liver disease in its early stages.

3. How often should hepatitis patients get liver screenings?

Patients with hepatitis B or C should undergo regular LFTs, ultrasounds, and sometimes FibroScan every 6–12 months.

4. What is the cost of liver function test in Pakistan?

On average, an LFT costs between PKR 1,200–1,800, while advanced tests like PCR and FibroScan may cost more.

5. Is fatty liver reversible if detected early?

Yes. With lifestyle changes such as weight loss, exercise, and a healthy diet, early-stage fatty liver can be reversed.